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Tabernacle
The Tabernacle ((ヘブライ語:מִשְׁכַּן), ''mishkan'', "residence" or "dwelling place"), according to the Hebrew Bible, was the portable dwelling place for the divine presence from the time of the Exodus from Egypt through the conquering of the land of Canaan. Built of gold, silver, brass, furs, jewels, and other valuable materials taken out of Egypt at God's orders and according to specifications revealed by God (Yahweh) to Moses at Mount Sinai, it was transported 〔Numbers 4:15〕 by the Israelites on their journey through the wilderness and their conquest of the Promised Land. The First Temple in Jerusalem superseded it as the dwelling-place of God some three hundred years later.
The fullest description of the Tabernacle describes an inner shrine (named Holy of Holies) housing the Ark of the Covenant which is under the veil of the covering suspended by four pillars and an outer chamber (Holy Place) with a 72-pound lump of gold beaten into a workable sheet, bent and engraved and tapped into the described reflector with its 22 almond-shaped bowls, knobs and flowers, as is described in Exodus 25, standing diagonally, partially covering a table for showbread, and altar of incense.〔 This description is generally identified as part of the Priestly source (P),〔"Tabernacle." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005〕 written in the 6th or 5th century BCE. Many scholars contend that it is of a far later date than Moses, and that the description reflects the structure of the Temple of Solomon, while some hold that the description derives from memories of a real pre-monarchic shrine, perhaps the sanctuary at Shiloh.〔 Traditional scholars contend that it describes an actual tabernacle used in the time of Moses and thereafter.〔Catholic Encyclopedia, Tabernacle〕 According to historical criticism an earlier, pre-exilic source (E) describes the Tabernacle as a simple tent-sanctuary.〔
==Meaning==
The English word "tabernacle" is derived from the Latin ''tabernāculum'' meaning "tent" or "hut", which in ancient Roman religion was a ritual structure.〔William Warde Fowler, ''The Religious Experience of the Roman People'' (London, 1922), p. 209; John Scheid, ''An Introduction to Roman Religion'' (Indiana University Press, 2003), pp. 113–114; Jerzy Linderski, "The Augural Law", ''Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt'' II.16 (1986), pp. 2164–2288. ''Tabernāculum'' is a diminutive of ''taberna'', meaning "hut, booth, tavern."〕 Other uses of this word include a nautical, meaning a mast step, which by its arrangement of boards allows the mast to be raised and lowered, and a similar wooden bar scaffold used for holding a large rug while weaving.
The word sanctuary is also used for the biblical tabernacle, as well as the phrase the "tent of meeting". The Hebrew word ''mishkan'' implies "dwell", "rest", or "to live in", referring to the "() Presence of God", the ''shekhinah'', based on the same Hebrew root word as ''mishkan''), that dwelt within this divinely ordained structure.〔(Catholic Encyclopedia: Tabernacle )〕〔("mishkan" Strong's Concordance )〕
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